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Histology - mod. HISTOLOGY
ROBERTO DI PRIMIO

Seat Medicina e Chirurgia
A.A. 2013-2014
Credits 2
Hours 20
Period 1^ semestre
Language ENG
U-gov code MU01-09-11 LS055B

Prerequisites
None

Development of the course
 The course aims to develop in students a sufficiently thorough knowledge of the morphological organization of the human body, from the ultrastructural and microscopic to the macroscopic level, with particular regard to the relationship between morphology and function.

Learning outcomes
Critical knowledge of the essential morphological characteristics of subcellular structures and of normal human cells and tissues. Correlation between cell and tissue structure with their specific function as cultural background to understand the physiology and pathophysiology of human organs and systems.

Program

Cytology: Organization of cellular organisms. Phylogeny and ontogeny. Plasma membrane: composition and functions; permeability and transport. Receptors. Macromolecular specializations of the cell surface. Cytoplasm: cytoplasmic matrix. Cytoskeleton: organization and functions. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes. Exocytosis and endocytosis. Mitochondria. Peroxisomes. Nucleus: structure, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus; RNA synthesis. Ribosomes. Protein synthesis.
Cell cycle, DNA replication. Mitosis and meiosis. Senescence and cell death.
The human cells: somatic and germ cells. Cell differentiation. Cell populations.

Histology: Epithelial tissue. Lining epithelia, structure, ultrastructure, function and location; differentiations of the free surface; junction systems; simple and compound epithelia; regeneration of epithelia. Exocrine glandular epithelium: classification of exocrine glands. Endocrine glandular epithelium: mechanism of action of hormones. Specialized sensory epithelia. Connective tissue. Proper connective tissue: structure, ultrastructure and function. White and brown adipose tissue, adipogenesis. Cartilage: ultrastructure, structure, location and function; histogenesis and degeneration of cartilage tissue. Bone tissue: cells and extracellular matrix, bone remodeling. Hematopoietic tissue. Blood: composition and function; structure, ultrastructure and function of the corpuscular component. Hematopoiesis: milestones and goals. Lymphopoiesis. Primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. Blood and lymph vessels. Muscle: structure, ultrastructure, function and location; organization of the muscle. Striated skeletal muscle tissue. Striated cardiac muscle tissue. Smooth muscle tissue. Innervation of muscle fibers. Mechanisms of muscle contraction. Nervous tissue: structure, ultrastructure, function and location. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Nerve. Synapses and nerve conduction. Neuroglia.

 

Embryology: Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Ovulation. Ovarian and uterine cycle. General information on fertilization. Basic morphogenetic processes. Early stages of embryonic development, zygote, segmentation, morula, blastocyst. Implantation and decidual reaction. Evolution of the embryo. Epiblast and hypoblast formation; primitive streak and mesoderm formation. Formation and fate of dorsal cord. Derivatives of germ layers and early development. Organogenesis. Embryonic appendages. Fetal circulation and its changes at birth. Principles of Molecular Embryology. Teratogenesis.

Microscopy: Theoretical and practical basis for the use of light and electron microscopes. Description and identification of histological sections of normal human tissues.

Development of the examination

To access the Practical-Oral Examination, the student must pass a written test with multiple choice questions.

Practical-Oral Examination:

The oral examination is preceded by the identification of  histological sections by light  microscopy. In the oral examination students must answer questions on Cytology, Histology, Embryology.

Recommended reading

·         a)TITLE: Istologia

b)AUTHOR: Ross, Pawlina

c)PUBLISHER: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

·         a)TITLE: Istologia

b)AUTHOR: Rosati, Colombo, Maraldi

c)PUBLISHER: Edi Ermes

·         a)TITLE: Biologia della cellula e biologia dei tessuti

b)AUTHOR: Colombo, Olmo

c)PUBLISHER: Edi Ermes

·         a)TITLE: Istologia di Monesi

b)AUTHOR: Adamo, Carinci et al.

c)PUBLISHER: Piccin

·         a)TITLE: Atlante di Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica

b)AUTHOR: Ross, Pawlina, Barnash

c)PUBLISHER: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

·         a)TITLE: Istologia e anatomia microscopica

b)AUTHOR: Wheater

c)PUBLISHER: Elsevier Masson

·         a)TITLE: Atlante di istologia funzionale

b)AUTHOR: Kerr

c)PUBLISHER: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

·         a)TITLE: Embriologia Umana

b)AUTHOR: Armato, Bani et al.

c)PUBLISHER: Idelson Gnocchi

Courses

• Medicina e Chirurgia