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Anatomy - C.I. (I-II ANNO)
SAVERIO CINTI

Seat Medicina e Chirurgia
A.A. 2017-2018
Credits 18
Hours 180
Period Corso annuale
Language ENG
U-gov code MU01-09-11 LS502

Prerequisites

Knowledge of the biology of the eukaryotic cell, and of the basic features of the mammalian tissues.

Development of the course

The course will be held orally, with the help of drawings on the blackboard and of presentations in powerpoint format. Some topics of topographic anatomy will also be illustrated by projecting and commenting dissection videos from corpse bodies.

Learning outcomes

• Knowledge

At the end of the course, the students must know the anatomical organization of the organs and systems of the human body, from the macroscopic to the microscopic and ultrastructural levels, in order to be able to understand, in the following courses, their functional properties. In addition to this, students must be able to interpret human anatomy in the corpse body and find the main anatomical landmarks in the living body. The anatomy course is also designed to allow the recognition of the major anatomical structures in diagnostic images of wider clinical use.

• Ability to apply the knowledge

The main purpose of the anatomy course is to enable students understanding the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural organization of each organ and system of the human body, in order to correlate its morphological organization with the functional outcomes. Such a knowledge is essential for the cultural preparation of medical doctors.

• Soft skills

The study of the anatomy of the human body gather together previously acquired biochemical, biological and histological notions, and at the same time forms a cultural basis essential for the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the human body, that will be treated in future courses.

Program

mod: ANATOMY OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (1° year, II semester)

Prof. G. Barbatelli, 4 CFU, 48 hours

General features of osteology, arthrology and skeletal muscles. For each bone, it is necessary to know its main morphological features to allow proper functional and clinical correlations. Some regions of the skeleton should also be known in their entirety, with a topographic approach: skull, chest, spine, pelvis and upper and lower limbs.

It is necessary to know in detail the anatomical organization of the atlo-occipital and the temporo-mandibular joints and the joints of the upper and lower limbs. For all the other joints of the locomotor system, it is enough to know only the general characteristics.

Of each skeletal muscle, it is necessary to know the main sites of insertion on the skeleton so to understand its motor function. It is necessary to know the topographical organization of some regions of the body, such as the inguinal channel and the axillary and poplite regions.

 

mod: SPLANCHNOLOGY (1° year, II semester)

Prof. A. Giordano, 5 CFU, 60 hours

This part of the course provides the systematic discussion of the organs of the tegumentary, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, urinary, male and female genitals, endocrine and lymphatic systems. For each system, the basic aspects of organogenesis will also be introduced, even if these topics will also be treated in details in the module “Topographic anatomy, organogenesis and neuroanatomy”. Of each organ is necessary to know the basic aspects of gross anatomy (such as shape, position, topographical relationships, consistency, size, color, and weight), vascularization (including lymphatic vessels) and innervation.  During the discussion of the individual organs, their microscopic organization will also be introduced, however, this topic will be resumed and extended in the module “Microscopic anatomy” after the students have completed their cytological and histological studies.

 

mod: TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY, ORGANOGENESIS AND NEUROANATOMY (2° year, I semester)

Prof. S. Cinti, 7 CFU, 84 ore

General concepts of descriptive, topographical and systematic human anatomy and general considerations on some functional and pathological correlates. Main aspects of topographical and clinical anatomy of head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis.

Knowledge of the basic aspects of organogenesis of dorsal rope, branchial system, prenatal development of hearth, fetal blood circulation, cardiovascular modifications after birth, hypophysis, thyroid gland, diaphragm muscle, primitive gut and derivatives, respiratory apparatus, urogenital tracts, development of the nervous system (neural induction, neurulation, neural crest formation, vesicles, retina).

Concerning the anatomy of the nervous system, it is necessary to know: the functional anatomical organization of the grey matter and the white matter of the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain); the formation of the spinal and cranial nerves; spinal plexuses with their collateral and terminal branches; origin, course and function of the cranial nerves. Visual, auditory and vestibular apparatuses. Functional anatomy of the vegetative nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions). The enteric nervous system. Functional anatomy of the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon. Meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. Arteries and veins of the brain and spinal cord. The main sensitive and motor pathways with a topographical approach.

 

mod: MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (2° years, I semester)

Prof. A. Giordano, 2 CFU, 24 hours

Systematic and thorough discussion on some topics of microscopic and ultrastructural anatomy. In particular, skin, lip, oral mucosa and tongue; the main salivary glands and esophagus; stomach, small and large intestine; liver and pancreas; respiratory tract and lung; kidney and urinary tract; testicle and male genital tract; ovary and female genital tract; lymphatic organs (thyme, spleen, lymph-node); endocrine organs (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal). As already mentioned, the in-depth discussion of some topics of microscopic anatomy at the 2nd year of the course requires a complete knowledge of the mammalian cytology and histology. Thus, these topics are discussed in this module to counter the simultaneous teaching of Histology and Splanchnology in the second semester of the 1st year.

 

Development of the examination

• Methods for assessing learning outcomes:

The first official test of the course is to evaluate the preparation achieved by the students on the locomotor system. This is an on-going test, not mandatory and generally taking place a few days before the start of the second year. After the end of the second semester of the second year, the students can have access to formal examinations. In each appeal, both written and oral tests take place. The written test consists of 40 multiple-choice quizzes (typically 4 organogenesis, 4 osteology, 2 arthrology, 4 mythology, 8 cardiovascular, 8 splanchnics, 10 nervous system and sensory organs). The student who passes the written test (maximum 12 mistakes) has the right to choose whether to take the oral exam in the present appeal or to postpone it at the next appeal. It is not possible to postpone the oral examination beyond the next call. The oral exam focuses on the entire anatomy program and includes also the observation, discussion and recognition of histological preparations from organs of the human body with the optical microscope.

• Criteria for assessing/measuring learning outcomes: 

The assessment of the exam is based on the student's ability to describe an organ in an orderly, correct and organic way, and to capture the macroscopic and microscopic aspects that characterize its function, as well as the topographical relationships with adjacent organs and anatomical structures.

• Criteria for conferring final mark:

The final mark is the result of reaching a broad enough assessment of learning. It is also taken into consideration the way by which the student exposes the topics, and its ability to deal with an emotionally challenging situation.

Recommended reading

• Title:            Trattato di Anatomia Umana  
• Author:         AA.VV.
• Publisher:     Edi-Ermes 

 

• Title:            Anatomia del Gray
• Author:         Standring S.
• Publisher:     Masson

 

• Title:            Atlante di Anatomia Umana
• Author:         Netter F.H.
• Publisher:     Masson

 

 

PROFESSOR CONTACT:

OFFICE HOURS:

Prof. Saverio Cinti                        Monday from 2:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. and Wednesday from 12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.

Prof. Antonio Giordano               Thursday from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m.

Prof. Giorgio Barbatelli                Monday and Tuesday from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.

Courses

• Medicina e Chirurgia