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Pharmacology - C.I. (IV ANNO)
SIMONA MAGI

Seat Medicina e Chirurgia
A.A. 2017-2018
Credits 6
Hours 60
Period 1^ semestre
Language ENG
U-gov code MU01-09-11 LS074

Prerequisites

Background in general physiology, anatomy, cell biology, chemistry, biochemistry.

 

Development of the course

The Pharmacology course introduces the student to the scientific basis of the use of drugs in medical practice and the essential principles of clinical pharmacology.  By the end of the course, students must be able to demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles of pharmacology and characteristics of specific drug classifications.  Basic principles include both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.

 

Learning outcomes

• Knowledge

By the end of the course, students should have an understanding of the mechanisms of drug action, pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic effects and uses, adverse drug reactions.

• Ability to apply the knowledge

At the end of the course, students should be able to understand and describe the mechanisms of action, the pharmacological and toxic effects of the major classes of drugs in current clinical use, and their main clinical applications. Students should also be able to describe specific drug-drug interactions.

• Soft skills

At the end of the course, students should have the theoretical competences that will allow them to:

1. To provide, as specialized professional figures in the medical field, information on drug safety and efficacy
2. Manage Pharmacovigilance
3. Consult the scientific literature for continuous drug information update
4. Understand and critically evaluate a clinical study

Program

DIDACTIC UNIT – General Pharmacology; Dr. Simona Magi

 

GENERAL PRINCIPLES - PHARMACODYNAMICS

• Quantitative aspects of drug interactions with receptors
• Receptor theory; dose-response curve; agonist, antagonist; partial agonist and inverse agonist
• Drug action: specificity and potency, efficacy and affinity.
• Receptors: structures and functions
• Signal transduction mechanisms
• Enzymes as druggable targets
• Pharmacodynamic variability: individual and population pharmacodynamics
• All or nothing response analysis; drug toxicity
• Therapeutic index
• Receptor regulation: up and down regulation
• Drug development

PHARMACOKINETICS

• The dynamics of drug absorption
• Routes of administration. Bioavailability.
• Drugs distribution, transfer of drugs across cellular barriers, protein-drug interaction, volume of distribution
• Drug metabolism
• Excretion of drugs; clearance
• First order and zero order reaction; half-life
• Clinical pharmacokinetics

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

• Adverse drug reaction classification
• Allergic drug reaction, idiosyncratic drug reaction, tollerance, tachyphylaxis, receptor adaptation.
• Factor influencing drug response (age, pharmacogenetics)
• Fetal toxicity, teratogenesis
• Pharmacovigilance

 

AGENTS AFFECTING AUTONOMIC AND SOMATIC MOTOR NERVOUS SYSTEMS

• Agents affecting neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, metabolism, and release of autonomic nervous system
• Cholinergic receptors: agonists and antagonists
• Adrenergic receptors; agonists and antagonists
• Sympathomimetic drugs: direct, indirect and mixed acting agents

 

CHEMIOTHERAPY OF MICROBAL AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASES

• General considerations on antimicrobial therapy
• Classification and mechanism of action
• Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents
• Antibacterial drugs:

• Sulfonamides, Trimethorpim-sulphametoxazole
• Penicillins, cephalosporin and oter beta-lactam antibiotics
• Protein synthesis inhibitors
• Quinilones
• Chemiotherapy of tubercolosis

 

CHEMIOTHERAPY OF PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS, CHEMIOTHERAPY OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS

CHEMIOTHERAPY OF NEOPLASTIC DISEASES:

• Alkylating agents
• Antimetabolites
• Natural products
• Miscellaneous agents
• Hormones and antagonists
• Chemotherapy resistance

 

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

 

ATIVIRAL AGENTS

 

IMMUNOMODULATORS

• Immunosuppressant, immunostimulants

 

HORMONE AND HORMONE ANTAGONISTS

• Thyroid and antithyroid drugs
• Estrogens and progestins
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogs
• Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents
• Agents affecting mineral ion homeostasis and bone turnover

 

DIDACTIC UNIT Clinical Pharmacology; Dr. Vincenzo Lariccia

LOCAL ANESTHETICS/GENERAL ANESTHETICS

• Local anesthetics: chemistry and structure-activity relationship 
• Pharmacokinetc characteristics
• Toxicity; drug interaction.
• Prolongation of action by vasoconstrictors

• General anesthetics: parenteral and inhalational anhestetics
• Drugs used in pre anestesia

 

OTHER DRUGS AFFECTING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates
• Other hypnotics and sedatives
• Ethanol, methanol, ethylenic glycol

DRUG THERAPY OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS

PHARMACOTHERAPY OF PSYCHOSIS AND MANIA

PHARMACOTHERAPY OE EPILEPSIES

TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS

• Parkinson disease
• Alzheimer disease

OPIOID ANALGESICS

• Natural and synthetic opiates
• Antagonists
• Non-opioid analgesics

CANNABINOIDS

DRUG ADDICTION AND DRUG ABUSE

PHARMACOTHERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs)
• Selective cox-2 inhibitors (COXIBs)
• Steroidal anti inflammatory (glucocorticoids)
• Anti-inflammatory drugs: toxicity
• Histamine, bradykinin, and their Antagonists
• Pulmonary Pharmacology

 

DRUGS AFFECTING CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL FUNCTIONS

• Diuretics
• Treatment of myocardial ischemia
• Treatment of hypertension
• Pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure
• Angina pectoris treatment
• Anti-arrhythmic drugs
• Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia

 

ANTICOAGULANT, FIBRINOLYTIC AND ANTIPLATET DRUGS

• Antihemorrhagic drugs, local hemostatic agents, anticoagulants, antiplatet drugs, fibrinolytic drugs.

 

DRUGS AFFECTING GASTROINTESTINL FUNCTION

• Pharmacotherapy of gastric acidity and cytoprotecion against NSAID
• Treatment of disorders of bowel motility; antiemetic drugs

Development of the examination

• Methods for assessing learning outcomes:

Students will be evaluated on the whole program through an oral examination.

• Criteria for assessing learning outcomes:

During the examination, students should demonstrate a general comprehension of the different classes of agents, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side effects.

• Criteria for measuring learning outcomes:

Evaluation will be expressed in 30th (sufficient: 18/30). 30 cum laude can be also considered.

• Criteria for conferring final mark:

In order to pass the exam, students have to respond to 5 questions in a satisfactory way, otherwise they will be recommended to return after a period of further study. 

Recommended reading

• Title: GOODMAN & GILMAN - LE BASI FARMACOLOGICHE DELLA TERAPIA - IL MANUALE 11/ED, Publisher: McGraw Hill
• Title: GOODMAN & GILMAN - LE BASI FARMACOLOGICHE DELLA TERAPIA  - DODICESIMA EDIZIONE, Publisher: Zanichelli
• Title: Farmacologia generale e clinica, Authors: Bertram G. Katzung, Publisher: PICCIN
• Title: Trattato di Farmacologia, Authors: Annunziato – Di Renzo, Publisher: Idelson-Gnocchi

 

PROFESSOR CONTACT:

Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanita` Pubblica, Via Tronto 10/A

Phone: Dott.ssa Simona Magi: 071 2206040; Dott. Vincenzo Lariccia: 071 2206037

E-mail: s.magi@univpm.it; v.lariccia@univpm.it .

OFFICE HOURS:

We strongly recommend to schedule an appointment by email.

Courses

• Medicina e Chirurgia